(12) In certain NENA languages the preterite from Group II verbs enjoys an effective vocalism (m)CoCiC- or (m)CuCiC- without any forerunner in the last dialects. Noldeke (1868, 213) advised that modern mode is actually about new Hebrew pual. Examples: Aradhin mbusille ‘he cooked’ (Krotkoff 1982, 136), Tkhuma mso:re:li ‘I began’, Jilu +poltele ‘he grabbed it out’ (Fox 1992, 54). Forms that have o or you is actually absent external NENA and have in a lot of of the NENA dialects: Hertevin, Sanandaj Christian, and you can Halabja: Halabja bqirraxun ‘you (pl.) asked’, Hertevin bqerre ‘he asked’ (Jastrow 1988, 206).
(13) The entire present try noted because of the an effective prefix in most www.datingranking.net/cs/tendermeets-recenze/ NENA but Hertevin along with Mandaic as well as in Turoyo. The fresh prefix takes certainly three variations: (a) k- for the all the verbs (state-of-the-art to help you c- inside Urmi, offered so you’re able to ko- before consonants during the Turoyo, along with Zakho become g- in advance of a spoken phoneme); (b) k- but merely towards the a small class of verbs (with some voicing absorption and often other transform as well); or (c) i- with the all of the verbs.
Examples: (a) Zakho k-xaze ‘he sees’, g-emir ‘he says’ (Meehan and you can Alon 1979, 182), Urmi csader ‘he sends’ (Hetzron 1969, 115), Turoyo kohoze ‘he sees’, Tisqopa ksaqIl ‘he takes’ (Rubba, personal interaction); (b) Halabja k-ImrIx-wa ‘we create say’, however, doqIx-wa-ce ‘we would observe it’, Azerbaijan k-xil ‘he eats, often eat’, but sate ‘he drinks, have a tendency to, will get drink’ (Garbell 1965, 66, 67); (c) Aradhin we-zare:la ‘he tills it’ (Krotkoff 1982, 70), Jilu we-napli baro ‘they pursue her’ (Fox 1992, 55).
The fresh new k- prefix appears to be a success of your own prefix qa- away from BT, such as brand new common qatane ‘he teaches’. elizabeth ‘stands’. In a few eastern dialects this new shipments away from k- happens to be limited to a little family of verbs (Garbell 1965, 65). In others, it has got disappeared and you will been replaced by a unique prefix we-, and this most likely started since a lower life expectancy variety of i[Theta] ‘there is’.
Examples: Halabja geznawa ta knista ‘I goes to the latest synagogue’, Aradhin tla t-sapri ‘to wait’, Jilu zIlli l-yawa zuze tla da kIcca ‘I went along to promote currency in order to a great girl’, Tisqopa [Theta]e:li ta di-mbaslan ‘I (fem
(14) The fresh new verb ‘give’ is yehav in BT, and you may yav in the Syriac. This has been remade throughout NENA languages through the incorporation of your pursuing the l- ‘to’. This new imperative, that was hav for the Syriac and you will BT, are hal (Noldeke 1868, 256) in all NENA where I have suggestions, however in the Turoyo otherwise Mandaic.
(15) In all NENA, the one imperative regarding qyama ‘get up’ has shed its latest m: Aradhin qu (Krotkoff 1982, 145), Sanandaj Christian qu (Panoussi, 110). The brand new plural, not, holds this new meters.
(16) In every NENA, the new essential regarding (i)zala ‘go’ is unpredictable: Aradhin au moment ou (Krotkoff 1982, 147), Sanandaj Religious state (Panoussi 119), Jilu se, Jewish Azerbaijani quand (Garbell 1965, 285).
(17) All over NENA, various terms can be used since the base having reflexive pronouns such as for instance ‘myself’. He is: ruh- when you look at the Hertevin as well as in Turoyo, nos- in the around three easternmost Jewish dialects, and you will gyan- throughout the kept languages: Hertevin ruhan ‘ourselves’ (Jastrow 1988, 197), Zakho qtala gyane ‘beating himself’ (Meehan and you will Alon 1982, 181), Halabja nosan ‘ourselves’.
That it qa- try alone an effective contraction of qa?
(18) A different sort of preposition meaning ‘to’ otherwise ‘for’ which will take the proper execution ta, tla, otherwise tla try common, no matter if perhaps not universal, when you look at the NENA, however used in Mandaic or Turoyo. ) concerned cook’ (Rubba, individual communication), Zakho cuxa los angeles psIxle darga tale ‘no that unsealed the doorway in order to him’ (Meehan and you will Alon 1979, 182).